Thursday, April 14, 2011

India Census and UID Update - Population 1.2 Billion

India has just finished counting its population which is now more than 1.2 billion (ABC - Radio Australia)
It puts India on course to surpass China as the world's most populous nation sometime after 2030. But it doesn't stop there. After this massive logistical exercise, the country over the next few months will count the number of people in each layer of its caste hierarchy for the first time in 80 years.
Much more at the link.
Biometric identity management systems are a means to an end. The article provides insights into India's hopes for the UID Priject.

Wednesday, April 13, 2011

Update: 300% ROI in first year on biometric time-and-attendance system

The Video at the link (M2SYS blog) documents a great discussion between John Trader of M2SYS and Sharon Fradella of the Cal Poly Pomona Foundation.

The short conversation hits all the high notes: modality, user acceptability, and ROI.

"The employees and managers like it because it's fast, easy, and especially, accurate."

Based upon her experience with biometric time-and-attendance, Ms. Fradella expects Cal Poly Pomona to increase its adoption of biometric ID management technologies.

Earlier post on the topic here.

Brazil and Biometric Elections

Urna eletrônica biométrica: avanço no sistema eleitoral (Fórum Biometria)
Essa tecnologia foi utilizada, inicialmente, nas eleições de 2008, em alguns municípios (Colorado do Oeste,RO, Fátima do Sul,MS e São João Batista,SC). Nas eleições gerais de 2010, no entanto, já alcançou um total de 60 cidades de 23 estados. O Tribunal Superior Eleitoral, dando prosseguimento a esse trabalho de recadastramento, espera, para as eleições de 2012, ter habilitado 10 milhões de eleitores para votar utilizando essa nova tecnologia e, para 2018, a conclusão de implementação do sistema no país.
The use of biometric voter verification in Brazil's national voter system began in 2008 and is scheduled to be cover all voters in 2018.

Voting is compulsory in Brazil.

Biometrics in Emergencies

Mattski at the Putting your finger on biometrics blog brings up an important point about the potential of biometric identity management systems to assist in emergencies.
One can imagine that fingerprint biometrics will have helped some organisations, businesses, schools and hospitals to locate where people were when the huge earthquake and tsunami waves stuck.

Apart from natural disasters impacting huge territories, they are also very likely to help in accidents or attacks.

As a rule, the more dangerous a given workplace, the more rigorous are the identification and access control protocols. Power plants and military bases spring immediately to mind.

One protocol developed to assist responders in the event of an emergency has staff leave their ID badges at pre-determined locations upon their departure from the site. If followed, this procedure is a good tool for deducing how many people are missing and who they are. After all, no one is going to require that people use the access control procedures developed for normal operations while fleeing a burning building.

But having better information on the last known position of the missing not only makes their recovery more likely, it makes first responders safer by allowing them to do their job more efficiently.

Admittedly, you don't need biometrics to do this (prox cards can work, too), but you do need rigorous access control, intelligent systems that can prepare the relevant information in near real time, and established emergency protocols that make the information actionable.

Part II: The Nature of Consent

Introduction
Part I: The Right to Privacy

Part II: The Nature of Consent
Consent comes in two main varieties: agreement between/among people; and consent of the People. The former describes voluntary associations and ad hoc arrangements made by individuals or private groups; the latter describes the social contract whereby governments obtain their legitimacy. Individual Consent deals with the individual’s right to form relationships, share information, etc. with other entities as mutually agreed. The Consent of the Governed deals with the collective right of the People to form a system of government and the type of behavior a government may compel of individuals under its jurisdiction.

Both types of consent have dramatic implications for the right to privacy and its free exercise.

Individual Consent
Individual consent fits broadly within the contours of contracts and cultural mores.

Contracts
The contractual form of individual consent relies upon the right of legal entities – adults, corporations, businesses, associations, etc. – to interact with each other, or to refrain from interacting with each other in pursuit of their legal individual aims.

When two private legal entities agree to interact with each other, they are said to consent. Contracts are used where an overt positive act is required in order to communicate consent. Acts such as buying something, getting married, hiring someone, incorporation of a business, forming a club, etc. are contractual.

All contracts impose constraints upon both consenting parties. The breach of these contracts is governed by laws.

Cultural mores
In the absence of an explicit written or oral contract or other sign of consent, cultural mores come to the fore. These customs deal in no small degree with a society’s notions of privacy and usually presume minimal consent. These cultural understandings can be seen as mini-agreements between-and-among individuals sharing a public space.

For individuals, exiting the privacy of one’s home and entering the public signifies an individual’s consent, to do certain things (cover your mouth when you cough, be polite) and to refrain from doing certain things (don’t stare at people, don’t point at people and laugh, etc.).

These cultural agreements also impose multilateral constraints upon the consenting parties. The breach of these agreements is most often governed by giving the supposed offender a nasty look. If nasty looks aren’t doing the trick, someone is sure to suggest a law.

For other legal entities such as corporations, clubs and associations, simple existence places them in the public. They are also obligated to do and refrain from doing certain things. Often the obligations they take on are spelled out in a charter or a mission statement, and an organization that fails to live up to its stated and socially imposed standards loses good will.

Consent of the Governed
Consent of the Governed is the other type of consent. I don’t want to wade too deeply into political theory, but for the sake of this discussion let’s assume that it is possible for the People collectively to consent to things, and that the formation of a democratic government means that they do, in fact, consent to be governed. Arguing in favor of these assumptions, democracies have the additional feature of ratifying that supposed consent periodically through voting processes. Laws come out the other end. But it’s important to distinguish the laws that regulate relations between equal members of society (i.e. contract law) from laws that define the much less equal relationship between individuals and the government.

Consent of the Governed bears significantly upon privacy, because governments require citizens to share information with the government or to make information public that they might otherwise choose to keep to themselves.

The abridgment of the right to privacy in the Individual Consent case is ad hoc, fully within the scope of a unique individual’s assessment of their individual aims and within the individual’s power to regulate within the scope of contract law (or nasty looks). But the sacrifices to privacy the People make under the Consent of the Governed case do not fall on some generic entity called the People, redounding to the People’s supposed benefit, they fall upon individuals to the supposed benefit of the People. The People don’t fill in the census, file their income taxes and become licensed to do things; individuals do.

Government also brings a coercive power to the calculation that is absent in the Individual Consent case. Though they both have a direct bearing on an individual’s right to privacy, the nature of consent in the individual case and the Consent of the Governed case is qualitatively different.

Part III: Transparency

Part IV: A Framework for the Discussion of Privacy Issues
Part V: Filling in the framework; Absolute advocacy dos and don'ts
Part VI: Filling in the framework, subjectivity and interpretation

Tuesday, April 12, 2011

Time-and-Attendance, ROI & People

The Human Side of Time and Attendance (Insperity Blog)
However, like any business, the technology helps organize workflow within a process to gain accuracy and efficiency that can result in various levels of hard and soft dollar bottom line savings.

Yet, it still takes the right people, with the right skill sets and the right aptitude to understand and be successful using such tools of the trade to really achieve the desired results.
It's about people and ROI. Increasingly, the tech. is the easy part.

Brazilian police to use Face-Rec eye glasses at World Cup

Brazilian police will use futuristic 'Robocop-style' glasses fitted with facial recognition equipment to identify and root out troublemakers at the 2014 World Cup (Telegraph.co.uk)
Major Leandro Pavani Agostini, of Sao Paulo's Military Police, said: "It's something discreet because you do not question the person or ask for documents. The computer does it.
I'd like to know more about this proposed deployment.

UPDATE: Twitter bot Bixby Snyder: I'd buy that for a dollar!
I should have thought of that!

UPDATE II: Since this has gotten so much attention, I think it's appropriate to add a little to this post.

The effective use of facial recognition technology in a surveillance environment requires significantly more training, environmental control (or compensation for environmental factors), and user judgment than other biometric modalities that depend on voluntarily user interaction.

2014 is still a long way away, but I suspect what is being discussed is a re-run of the "Snooper Bowl" experiment featuring our very own FaceTrac in 2001.

If the "Robocops" involved act as anything more than discreet mobile tripods, I'll be surprised.

Friday, April 8, 2011

New York State: Medicaid anti fraud bill would issue biometric ID cards

We spill a lot of pixels here highlighting the use of biometrics to combat fraud in the developing world. Here's an example from New York.

Palm identification would use cards in effort to cut $5 billion in illegal costs (Albany Times Union)
Palm-scanning devices and identification cards could become part of a doctor's appointment under proposed legislation that aims to crack down on Medicaid fraud.

The bill, introduced Wednesday by Assemblywoman Naomi Rivera, D-Bronx, and Sen. Michael Ranzenhofer, R-Amherst, would dish out Medicard cards equipped with biometric technology.

The bill's sponsors say the initial $20 million investment is a fraction of the estimated $5 billion in Medicaid fraud that occurs annually in the state. Medicaid is a medical care program for low-income residents.
People's willingness to support social programs is dependent on their being seen to address social problems rather than seen as enriching criminals.

$5 billion in fraud is a shocking figure.

Biologists create barcode scanner for zebras

Free Open-source Zebra Biometrics (Wired.co.uk)
When researchers want to identify an animal, they need to take a photo of it, then select a similarly-sized rectangle on its body and the system will then analyse its constituent black-and-white pixels to assess which animal on the system it most closely resembles.
For obvious reasons, zebras are a great place to start to apply biometric techniques to wildlife. They come with their own bar codes. They live in well-lit, flat, uncluttered terrain. And there are lots of them.

A real promise of such systems, though, is their applicability to species and conditions that are considerably more challenging.

Debating biometrics [Part I: The Right to Privacy]

Introduction
Part I: The Right to Privacy

Privacy (function: noun)
: freedom from unauthorized intrusion : state of being let alone and able to keep certain esp. personal matters to oneself
privacy. Dictionary.com. Merriam-Webster's Dictionary of Law. Merriam-Webster, Inc. http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/privacy (accessed: April 08, 2011)

The right to Privacy, is an individual right. One cannot argue for individual rights in absolute terms; one can only argue for an individual’s possession and free exercise of the right.

As far as privacy is concerned, it’s the ability to keep certain matters to oneself that counts. The right (ability) to keep certain matters to oneself assumes that the individual also retains the ability to share personal matters with others of their choosing. As such, it is up to the individual to determine what personal information is most appropriately kept to themselves.

Privacy is not unique in this manner. All rights come with the freedom to use them as the individual sees fit. If a right is guaranteed, possessed and freely exercised by the individual, not using the right in any obvious way is wholly consistent with possessing the right. Freedom of speech does not require one to say everything one thinks; Freedom of Religion does not require one to be religious. In a diverse society, one good test for whether an individual right is actually being enjoyed is if it is being expressed in a wide variety of ways by different individuals.

So, in individual cases, the expression of a right can, and often does appear as the total lack of expressing the right. This is what makes rights of an entirely different political character than duties.

Part II: The Nature of Consent
Part III: Transparency

Part IV: A Framework for the Discussion of Privacy Issues

Part V: Filling in the framework; Absolute advocacy dos and don'ts
Part VI: Filling in the framework, subjectivity and interpretation

Thursday, April 7, 2011

Debating biometrics [Introduction]

I read with interest and optimism the guest post written by NO2ID's James Baker for the M2SYS blog last week: Interest because the people at M2SYS seem to share our belief that biometric identity management techniques have been a force for good in the world far more than they have led to ill; Optimism because I hope there is a common intellectual and philosophical space that technology providers and those who worry about biometrics can inhabit.

Over the course of a series of posts we will be examining the appropriate role of privacy campaigners in the adoption of biometric identity management technologies.

Part I: The Right to Privacy
Part II: The Nature of Consent
Part III: Transparency
Part IV: A Framework for the Discussion of Privacy Issues

Part V: Filling in the framework; Absolute advocacy dos and don'ts
Part VI: Filling in the framework, subjectivity and interpretation

Wednesday, April 6, 2011

Tenafly New Jersey Little League requires Fingerprinting Of All Volunteers

A New Jersey Little League is taking safety up a notch (CBS, New York - via Drudge)
Tenafly Little League president John Preolo said the league had to require fingerprinting this year because of a much-needed grant.

“To get the grant there is certain criteria that had to be met. One of them is the fingerprinting process. If the town didn’t agree to get coaches and volunteers fingerprinted, I don’t think we would have gotten the money,” Preolo said.

Prompted by Carl Findlay's comments in the article, I searched "David Hartshorn". What I found is heartbreaking:

Queens, NY Little League coach accused of molestation; Cops look for more victims (ABC, New York)

Queens and Tenafly are 22 miles apart.

Tuesday, April 5, 2011

Biometrics aid in fight against corruption in Indian farmer support program

Opposition slams government over corruption (The Times of India)
The minister said the government had extended the storage agency system till October-end. He said the state government had approached the Centre for funds to extend biometric card system for PDS beneficiaries all over the state after it was found successful in Rayagada district.
Citizens are more willing to support social welfare programs when they are confident that they are not vehicles for graft. Biometrics can help assure that scarce resources reach their intended recipients.

Monday, April 4, 2011

The Five Country Conference biometric programme

NZ tightens border security (AustralianNetworks.com)
The agreement is part of a Five Country Conference biometric programme between New Zealand, Canada, the United States, Australia and the United Kingdom..
It used to be the Four Country Conference. New Zealand makes five.

More here. (TVNZ.co.nz)

What's your number?

Jamaica to get national identification system (Jamaica Gleaner)
It is believed that the benefits of the NIDS will be significant for Jamaica, both in the public and private sectors, including registration of births and deaths, criminal records, traffic ticketing, tax compliance, records management, road and drivers licensing, among other things.
The article doesn't specify the biometric modality (modalities) to be included, but it does mention tha biometrics will be used.

Friday, April 1, 2011

FBI develops rapid DNA at a distance identification technology

Brave New system could reduce DNA matching time to ten minutes (Manchester Guardian)
The old DNA identification system took up to six weeks to analyze a DNA sample for criminal cases and that sample had to be taken, preserved and processed under laboratory conditions. Now the subject's entire genome can be sequenced in under 5 minutes without any physical sample at all, says Rehfeldt. "Our goal for felony case DNA searches is now 10 minutes, and in misdemeanor cases, it's 15 minutes," says Rehfeldt.
A record of all the genetic base pairs and detailed personal information about individuals analyzed by the new system will be maintained in the FBI's Clarksburg, WV facility.
Asked if anyone at the FBI had expressed any reservations regarding the implementation of such a system on privacy or constitutional grounds, Rehfeldt responded via the Twitter messaging service "w00t! All your genome are belong to us!"

Thursday, March 31, 2011

Google Face-Rec

Google making app that would identify people's faces (CNN)
Google plans to introduce a mobile application that would allow users to snap pictures of people's faces in order to access their personal information, a director for the project said this week.
The article goes on to say that there is no timeline for release, but Google's interest in the subject should be obvious.

Face recognition, like other biometric applications, is really just a very specific type of computerized object recognition. For now, Google's can only apply its algorithm to text-based queries. I'm sure Google is aware that it would be very useful if they could make sense of image, audio or other types of files as search terms. Face recognition is a logical starting point.

Wednesday, March 30, 2011

Barack Obama's top secret tent

And here I thought I was the only one who liked building tents in my hotel room (BBC)
A rare photo, released by the White House, shows Barack Obama fielding calls from a tent in Brazil, to keep up with events in Libya. The tent is a mobile secure area known as a Sensitive Compartmented Information Facility, designed to allow officials to have top secret discussions on the move.

A new application for face-rec?

Police seek help identifying people pictured in stolen property (St. Joseph News Press -- Missouri)
Faced with the daunting task of scouring through hundreds of items of stolen property, St. Joseph police have an interesting request for our readers.

They are asking the public with help identifying subjects pictured in a photograph recovered from a stolen camera.
...
“The hope is that somebody will recognize somebody in the photograph and that will give us a place to start,” said Detective Josh Howery, with the Electronic Crimes Unit.
Photo at link.

From a technical perspective, there's a lot we can do to help with problems like this and the technology has other applications.

Visas: To go biometric or not to go biometric

Conflicting Signs on Looming Biometric Visas (Moscow Times)
This article gets at interesting cost-benefit trade-offs in how countries go about regulating entry into their territory.

Should a country require a traveler to obtain a visa prior to undertaking their journey?
Should a country issue visas at ports of entry?
Should a country treat the citizens of other countries the same or treat the citizens of different countries differently?
Should they require a biometric?
If so, which modality makes the most sense?

The answers to these questions flow from a number of characteristics of the visa issuing country such as wealth, number of foreign visitors, quality of diplomatic corps, reach of diplomatic corps, attractiveness for immigrants, regional stability, etc.

Many countries avoid this entire, admittedly complicated, calculation and opt for straight up reciprocity: I'll treat your applicants exactly the same as you treat mine. This makes for a useful bargaining framework if the two countries are the same in many of the above respects, but it often gets applied in other circumstances.

Russia seems to be going through the cost benefit calculation rather than opting for knee-jerk reciprocity.
The embassies of the United States and Britain in Moscow both told The Moscow Times that they had no specific information about biometric visas to Russia being an imminent requirement for their citizens.

“But there is a global move in this direction because it makes travel safer for everyone,” British Embassy spokesman James Barbour said.

A U.S. Embassy spokesman said: “The U.S. Embassy in Moscow has not been informed by the Russian government of any plans to implement biometric Russian visas for Americans.”

Applicants for Russian visas at the moment do not need to submit biometric details — however, every applicant for British and American visas the world over, including Russian citizens, must provide biometric data in order for their visa application to be processed.

Tuesday, March 29, 2011

Voice-Rec, Password Resets & ROI

Leading Software Leverages the Latest Speech Recognition Technologies by Loquendo (TMC.net)
Currently, Atos Origin provides help desk support to over 1200 Global blue chip companies with over 12M call annually and over 1M Password Resets per annum. “This voice biometric password reset solution from Leading Software and powered by Loquendo speech recognition technology forms a crucial part of our strategy to drive calls to our Service Desk down whilst improving efficiencies to ourselves and our clients,” said Mike Mathews, service desk product manager for UK at Atos Origin.
Human-assisted password resets are extremely costly for large corporations. Voice is an obvious modality for resetting passwords over the phone.

A Face-Rec dating site?

There's not a lot of information about how the folks at FindYourFaceMate.com apply facial recognition technology to the matchmaking process, but this article provides a hint.
FindYourFaceMate.com's Christina Bloom said who we date depends a lot on how much they look like us.

Bloom claims that couples often have very similar facial features and that facial similarities seem to help with the initial attraction.
I'm not sure what that says about matchmaking site users, facial recognition, human nature, internet marketing or a host of other matters of social and political import but that sure is a lot of tergiversation in just two sentences.

UPDATE:

In other Face-Rec pop science news:
If You Look Like This, You're Destined For Billions

A survey of Biometric applications, tech development and global markets

Biometrics: Business of Identity (Economic Times)
"With biometrics, we're looking at a paradigm shift from the West to the East, driven primarily by the population," says Abhigyan Sengupta, senior research manager-semiconductors and electronics, M&M. Asia, Africa and the Middle East will emerge as biometric markets by 2013; some parts there already are. For instance, while most EU nations have had biometric passports for a while, the Middle East, which has drawn flak for terrorism-related activity, is investing heavily in them today.
The linked article provides an "around the world in 800 words" overview about what's happening in the biometricsphere.

South Africa audits old biometric data with new technology

Department of Home Affairs (DHA) and its Home Affairs National Identification System (ITWeb.co.za)
The department identified 598 000 instances of duplicate IDs. It has now resolved 412 096 cases where one person had multiple ID numbers and 20 971 cases where multiple persons shared one ID number.
Applying new identity management techniques to existing systems and databases can yield impressive results leading to a significant return on investment.

It's also interesting to compare the number of "extra" ID numbers generated to the number of people that were issued someone else's number in error.

There were more than 28 instances of extra ID numbers issued to people for every instance of assigning the same ID number to multiple people.

There are many reasons for this including simple error. If two people have the same ID number, someone is likely to become inconvenienced and bring the matter to the attention of the authorities. If someone loses their child's documents, they may just start the ID process over again, getting a new number and the old number never gets used. So innocent errors of one type (people sharing an ID number) are far more likely to be corrected than the other type (more numbers than people).

Another reason for the difference in the quantity of each type of error, however, is fraud. The ghost worker fraud depends upon creating extra ID's for people that don't exist and then either hiring them to work for some publicly funded entity or enrolling them to collect some sort of social welfare benefit.

I suspect that the bigger part of the difference in observed database error rates is fraud.

Monday, March 28, 2011

India is generating approx One million ID numbers per day

Nearly half the Indian population will get their unique identity number by 2014 (NewKerala.cim)
"We will generate about a million numbers per day and our plan is to have nearly half the population in our system (unique identity number) by 2014," Nandan Nilekani, chairman of Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI), said.

According to Nilekani, the uniue number will provide its holder access to better government services, while greatly reducing the hassels of paperwork.
We've written extensively about India's UID project, calling it the identity management "moon shot" and expounding on the connection between a unique individual identity and socio-economic development.

More posts on India

Malaysia biometric database to monitor borders

Criminals beware! (The Malay Mail)
Police are set to have a new weapon which will enable them to monitor the comings and goings of known foreign criminals.

Come June 1, their existing criminal database, the Biometric Fingerprint Identifi cation System (BIOFIS), will be linked up to Immigration Department’s National Foreigners Enforcement and Registration System (NERS).

This will grant police access to records of foreign visitors who enter Malaysia via immigration checkpoints, and ensure those with criminal records in Malaysia can be monitored closely.
Malaysia really has been active in terms of government implementation of biometric ID management systems lately.

Scientific background on the new Indian identity

Meet Samarth Bharadwaj and Himanshu Bhatt (Times of India)
As to his role in the UIDAI project at the IIIT-Delhi , Bharadwaj, a second-year research student said that they had begun working on the project last year. "Four research students from our college conducted a feasibility study on finger prints of labourers and farmers — people who work with their hands — to analyse the quality of their fingerprints and find out if they can be used as a part of unique identification," said Bhatt.

Friday, March 25, 2011

Australia extends biometric immigration system to foreign offices

Rollout to foreign missions (GlobalVisas.com)
An Australian initiative to introduce tighter, more technologically advanced immigration controls has been rolled out in several new countries.

Biometrics collection – involving digital facial photographs and fingerprint scanning for identification purposes – will be introduced for Australian immigration applications in Syria, Malaysia, Lebanon, Kenya, Jordan and France.

New Frost & Sullivan biometrics report

Frost & Sullivan Projects Success within Government Applications to Open Opportunities for Widespread Adoption of Biometrics Globally (Frost.com)
Although biometrics face numerous privacy issues, successful large-scale government adoptions have helped the technology emerge as among the most viable means to counter identity related issues. Its reliability, coupled with further decline in prices, is poised to open up rewarding market opportunities for biometrics vendors.

New analysis from Frost & Sullivan (http://www.autoid.frost.com), World Biometrics Market, finds that the market earned revenues of $1.2 billion in 2009 and estimates this to reach $5.3 billion by 2016.

Monday, March 21, 2011

Errors plague the database state

Databases frequently contain incorrect information (Government Executive)
Commercial databases are no better. A check of one man's ChoicePoint record disclosed that the intelligence-collecting firm listed him variously as being a female prostitute in Florida, a prison inmate in Texas, a dealer of stolen goods in New Mexico, a witness tamperer in Oregon, and a sex offender in Nevada.

He was none of those, Rotenberg said, but federal and state law enforcement agencies routinely use error-plagued databases that ChoicePoint and other data brokers compile.
The problem isn't that people don't know anything, it's that they know so much that isn't true.

Biometric identity management systems are a way to make this problem better, not worse. Part of the solution is technical (better ID management) and part of the solution is legal. We have systems in place that allow people to access and correct their credit reports for free. There ought to be a mechanism for citizens to access and correct information that data brokers sell, along with legal recourse for those who suffered damages because someone sold inaccurate information.

However, after identifying a serious issue, I think the linked article's author completely loses the plot.
Rotenberg hopes to convince the Supreme Court to overturn the conviction of Jose Tolentino, who was stopped by police at 7:40 p.m. on New Year's Day 2005 for playing music too loudly as he drove down a street in New York City.

A police computer check of motor vehicle records disclosed that Tolentino's driver's license had been suspended at least 10 times, and was suspended at the time he was stopped, so he was arrested.
This guy was busted with accurate information and plead guilty. The system worked. Making law enforcement more efficient through better database integration and identity management techniques is a good thing.

Though the article misses the most important privacy point it raises, it is important to recognize the fact that garbage-in-garbage-out in the data-selling industry can disrupt the lives of innocent people. A remedial process should be provided for them.

Integrity of personnel at entry points vital

The Star Online (Malaysia)
The integrity of Immigration officers will be the focus of attention with the proposed implementation of the biometric system at entry points in the country.
After all, identity management is about people.

Friday, March 18, 2011

Malaysia to install fingerprint immigration system

The National Foreigners Enforcement and Registration System (NERS) (TheStar.com.my)
Foreigners entering the country from June 1 will have their thumbprints taken under a biometric system to enhance security at 96 entry points.

The National Foreigners Enforcement and Registration System (NERS) would register and monitor foreigners from their arrival until departure, said Deputy Prime Minister Tan Sri Muhyiddin Yassin.
Just having an automated way to know with certainty how many people overstay their visa is probably worth the investment. A system that can do that can also do so much more.

Think before you legislate: UK edition

Legal duty to seek parental permission would be ‘huge bureaucratic burden’ (TES Connect)
But ASCL’s legal expert Richard Bird said: “The new law is based on a misunderstanding of what these systems are; it is not fingerprinting as understood by the police.

“The definition of ‘parent’ is also complicated - in some cases there are up to five people with parental rights. It is very unclear.
If schools are unable to keep data secure, biometric template information is the last thing that should concern civil liberties campaigners.

Schools also keep academic records, behavioral records, medical records & counseling notes which are much more sensitive than a string of binary gibberish that cannot be used to learn anything about a student.

Other posts on biometrics and schools.

UPDATE:
See: This is What a Fingerprint Template Looks Like

Thursday, March 17, 2011

Biometrics and Development: Women

Opportunity International Launches "Banking on Women" Campaign (Yahoo Finance)
For impoverished women, secure banking services have remained largely out of reach due to a lack of proper identification required to open a bank account. To give women in the developing world safe, secure access to banking services, Opportunity International deploys cutting-edge technologies such as smart cards and biometric fingerprint readers. The use of these innovative technologies makes it possible for rural Africans to open a bank account without the passport or identification card required by traditional financial institutions.

Through Opportunity International, thousands of women across the developing world have gained an identity, or personhood, in a region that is traditionally dominated by men.
The absence of a legitimate individual identity is a barrier to the exercise of basic human rights.

U.S. Travel Association puts TSA back in the spotlight

U.S. Travel Association Calls for ‘Trusted Traveler Program’ to Cut Down on Airport Screenings (Commentary Magazine)
The outcry over increasingly invasive TSA screenings may have died down since last fall, but it isn’t going away anytime soon.
Group says biometric screening could reduce airport hassle (Government Executive)
A voluntary biometric screening system to identify "trusted" air travelers will reduce the hassle of air travel and free up Transportation Security Administration employees to look more closely at higher-risk passengers, security and travel experts said on Wednesday.
Panel: Don't treat fliers like terrorists (CNN)
It [the Panel] also proposed allowing each traveler to check one bag without a fee to reduce the amount of luggage going through security checkpoints.
Better, more efficient identity management techniques, including biometrics will be an integral part of improving the quality of service and the profits of the air travel industry.

Wednesday, March 16, 2011

Proposed laws on ID tech take privacy to the extreme

State ID bills are disruptive -- and unenforceable (Government Computer News)
I missed this when it came out a few days ago. Thanks to @heidishey & @m2sys for giving it wider attention.
REAL ID is not a good law and does not adequately provide for the security of sensitive data that it requires states to collect and share. But some misguided legislators are attacking the law indirectly by proposing the banning of broad classes of technology that would be used in the cards and licenses. Although concerns about privacy are understandable, bills introduced in New Hampshire and Oklahoma would throw out the baby with the bathwater by prohibiting the use, respectively, of all biometrics and of Radio Frequency ID.

The bills’ authors show a fundamental lack of understanding about biometrics and RFID, and their legislation is at best unnecessary and at worst disruptive and unenforceable.

Privacy concerns are real.
Biometric identity management technologies can improve people's lives.

Elected representatives should do their best to understand the technologies and the likely impact of their actions before proposing new regulations.

As they say, read the whole thing.

Identity management is about people.

Biometrics Becoming Popular for Access Control at Rec Facilities

For many facilities, the Return on Investment is irresistible  (AthleticBusiness.com)
"Simply, we were hoping to utilize the technology that was available and also keep our expenses lower by not having to issue membership cards to every one of our members," LeeAnn Plumer, director of the Annapolis, Md., recreation and parks department, says of the biometrics-based access control system the department launched in January 2010 with the opening of the city's largest recreation center. "We were using new software that had the technology to implement biometrics, so we thought we'd give it a try and see how it worked for us."

Most rec departments using the technology are indeed still in the "give it a try" phase, and the reviews are mostly positive.
via @m2sys (Twitter)
Proud that this is our technology > #Biometrics Becoming Popular for Access Control at Rec Facilities
Deployments like these validate the efforts of all of us that are working to bring more efficient techniques to the challenge of identity management.

Earlier posts on deployments mentioned in the above linked article:
Poway Tells Skaters to Give Them the Finger (7/10/2010)
Montgomery recreation department moves ahead with finger vein scanners (11/17/2010)

FBI's Next-Gen Multi-Modal Biometric ID management System

New FBI system to use hands, faces, irises, in addition to 70 million fingerprints to ID suspects (NextGov.com)
For now, the NGI system, which began operating Feb. 25, handles fingerprints only. But during the next several years, new biometric capabilities will be added to make identification possible through facial recognition technology, iris patterns, and digital photographs of scars, tattoos and other physical markings.
I was trying to come up with a better post title such as:
FBI fingers next generation ID management system
FBI faces next generation ID management system
FBI eyes next generation ID management system

They're all somewhat correct but together they are too long so we'll just go with the unclever "FBI's Next-Gen Multi-Modal Biometric ID management System".

The article linked in this post sheds light on how the system referenced here will evolve.

Update I:
FBI Next-Generation Identification initiative and Interoperability (July 19, 2011)

Update II with much more analysis and detail:
FBI to launch nationwide facial recognition service  (Oct. 10, 2011)

Tuesday, March 15, 2011

Montgomery County police to use new mobile scanners for fingerprints

Devices to provide access to larger database to help identify criminals (Montgomery County, Maryland)
The advantage of the new BlueCheck devices — also to be purchased with UASI funds — include faster transmit times for scans and access to both the National Capital Region's Integrated Automatic Fingerprinting System and the statewide fingerprint database, Cunningham said.
Mobility and Interoperability are very big issues in law enforcement. Montgomery County borders Virginia and Washington, DC so multijurisdictional information sharing and mobility are key components of effective policing.

Monday, March 14, 2011

WVU: $9.2 million to fund basic research including Biometrics and ID technologies

WVU gets $4.6M gift from Hazel Ruby McQuain Trust, matched by State
(Charleston Daily Mail)
The endowment will support research in energy and environmental sciences; nanotechnology and material science; biotechnological and biomedical sciences; and biometrics and other identification technologies.

Philippines Representative Tomas Osmeña: Ghostbuster

To remove 'GHOST EMPLOYEES' Tomas wants all soldiers registered with Comelec (PhilStar.com)
Aside from mandatory registration, Osmeña said the soldiers must also be required to enroll in the biometric system so that their fingerprints can be registered therein. He also wants the salary of all soldiers released through the ATM.

Other posts:
Ghost workers
Development

Biometrics improving

Increasingly sophisticated sensors are driving new developments (ZDNetAsia.com)
With these new technological developments, it is now more difficult to hack the biometric system. Kendall added that the data will have to be extremely valuable for cybercriminals to invest the effort and time to develop a full anatomically-correct 3D model of a person's finger.

Friday, March 11, 2011

India's UID project continues apace

Two articles from the Economic Times point to India's UID project shifting into high gear.

Aadhaar: Target of enrolling 600 million by 2014 on schedule

Delhi residents to get UID numbers by October

Thursday, March 10, 2011

FBI switches to faster fingerprint identification technology

New system could reduce print matching time to ten minutes (CIO.co.uk)
The old AFIS fingerprint-matching system took up to two hours to respond to a fingerprint pattern-matching request in criminal cases and 24 hours for civil cases, says Traxler. "Our goal for criminal prints is now 10 minutes, and civil, 15 minutes," says Traxler.
John Traxler is the program manager for NGI in the FBI's Clarksburg, WV facility. Clarksburg is right down the road from our offices in Morgantown.

This is what Secure Communities actually does

Border-crosser wanted on other charge (El Paso Times)
One of six people allegedly found crossing the border near Santa Teresa was discovered to be wanted on a charge of molesting a child in Bernalillo County, according to the U.S. Border Patrol.
U.S. Border Patrol nabs alleged sexual offender at station (Alamogordo Daily News)
Adrian Armendariz, 36, of Mexico, was positively identified as having an outstanding warrant for alleged criminal sexual contact of a minor in Bernalillo County. Records also indicated that Armendariz has an extensive criminal history that includes trafficking cocaine, aggravated assault of household member and transportation and selling of controlled substances.
These two articles apparently describe the same event.

Other posts on ICE Secure Communities.

Global Biometric Forecast

Global Biometric Forecast to 2012 (ReportLinker.com)
From the summary of a larger report for sale at the link...
Many governments across the world are adopting biometric technologies to strengthen national security and maintain individual identity. Besides, corporate security and identity theft are fueling growth in the global biometric market. According to our new research report “Global Biometric Forecast to 2012”, the global biometric market is anticipated to grow at a CAGR of around 23% during 2011 - 2013.

Facial Recognition Early Adopters

Tesco in talks over facial recognition tech for stores (ZDNet.co.uk)

Australian Clinic uses Facial Recognition for easy check-in (Milton Leader)
Many signs point to an uptick in the adoption of facial recognition.

SecurLinx middleware framework works with all sorts of algorithms based on all sorts of biometric modalities. We have a wealth of experience in facial recognition and offer several face-rec applications that run on commercially available off-the-shelf components.

Wednesday, March 9, 2011

Australian gaming industry may be catching on

The stakes are raised over gambling limits (The Age - Australia)
One argument from the biggest poker machine beneficiaries, clubs and pubs, was whether the proposed system threatens the worst of all worlds - an expensive system that would scare off recreational gamblers while providing little help to problem gamblers.
It looks like the gaming industry is gearing up to defend itself (and customers) against reckless policies. Better late than never, I guess.

See also:
Biometrics shut out of Australian problem gambler program
Most Unfair biometrics article in a long time
More on Australian Politics and Gambling

Even more on the subject
(keep scrolling).

Rich Country, Poor Country

Identification, Please (Foreign Policy)
For the world's poorest, who often have insufficient or no proof of identity, anonymity is rarely a recipe for "freedom." Rather, it's a cause of disenfranchisement, disempowerment, and exclusion.
Foreign Policy Magazine picks up on a theme familiar to our regular readers: biometric ID management systems are viewed very differently by the public in the developed world than they are in the developing world.

Many in the West see the implementation of biometric identity management systems as enhancing government power over the people. They can also be implemented to increase the people's power over their government.

Ghost workers are a tried and true corruption technique. Their use impoverishes the society and undermines faith in democratic institutions.

It is difficult to overestimate the damage that corruption inflicts upon the world's poor. Biometric identity management systems can help restore the power of the people over their governments ensuring that scarce government resources are devoted to spurring economic and social development rather than lining the pockets of those who would violate the public trust for their own narrow interests.

Better identity management techniques, are not by themselves sufficient to improve the daily lives of the world's poor, but they are necessary for legitimizing citizens. In order to fully participate in a modern society, one must have a legitimate identity. Otherwise, modern institutions that have lifted billions of people out of poverty -- democracy and banking systems for example -- simply can't deliver their full range of benefits to the society as a whole.

Other posts in this vein:
Ghost workers
Development

Tuesday, March 8, 2011

Face-Rec gaining ground in Australia

The Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT) is to upgrade security (ComputerWorld.com.au)
n January, DFAT said facial recognition would be an ongoing area of development in its increased use of biometric technology ahead of the planed launch of a biometrics panel to source specialised biometric support for the Australian Passport Office (APO) and to help develop its own in-house biometrics skills.
Facial recognition, a SecurLinx specialty is really starting to take off.

Biometrics counter ghost pensioners

Military Warn Pension Racketeers (AllAfrica.com)
Mshelia said the introduction of e-pensions payment and use of biometric in verification of pensioners have done away with 'ghost' pensioners and simplified the pension payments. He said the annual verification of pensioners was aimed at ascertaining deceased pensioners and bringing up to date the number of genuine pensioners.
The amount of money developing countries lose to fraud is staggering. Biometric ID management systems can save money and increase faith in institutions at the same time.

Indian firm to launch 'Bank on Bike' for financial inclusion

SBBJ to launch 'Bank on Bike' for financial inclusion (EconomicTimes.com)
State Bank of Bikaner and Jaipur , a subsidiary of State Bank of India (SBI), is planning to launch Bank on Bike initiative to bring unbanked rural population of Rajasthan under the banking net. This initiative is a part of the financial inclusion plan of the central government to cover all villages with 2,000 and above population
One of the hoped-for benefits of India's UID project is the an extension of the benefits provided by modern institutions to poor citizens.

Monday, March 7, 2011

All California counties have activated Secure Communities

Secure Communities Program Uses Biometrics to Target Illegal Immigrants (Emergency Management)
Since May 2009, when San Diego County became the first California jurisdiction to activate Secure Communities, ICE has taken custody of nearly 48,000 convicted criminal aliens in the state.

Friday, March 4, 2011

Credit Card Users Want Biometrics

Credit card biometrics: The future of data security (CreditCards.com)
If consumers get their way, credit cards with biometric security features will no longer be the stuff of spy movies, but a mainstream alternative to those that rely on sloppy signatures and forgotten passwords.
One quote in the article hints that single factor biometric authentication is the way to go.
"With fingerprint technology, people don't have to fish through their wallet or purse to try to find their credit cards to make a payment," says Riso.
I believe the physical card will and should be kept around for a while, yet.

Apart from this minor quibble, the article provides a good synthesis of the state of public opinion, differing biometric modalities, customers and service providers.

Earlier post on the Unisys poll referenced in the article

Thursday, March 3, 2011

UK to streamline privacy police?

Privacy groups demand one commissioner to rule them all (The Register)
The UK needs a single privacy commissioner, and not the tangle of officials it is creating to police the area, an alliance of pressure groups claimed yesterday.

Terri Dowty, Director of Action on Rights for Children (ARCH), warned of the uncoordinated and ineffective proliferation of commissioners now operating in this area. Dowty made the call on behalf of a number of other campaign groups, including Privacy International, Genewatch UK and NO2ID.
Public bureaucrats called privacy commissioners always seem a little paternalistic.

My kind of privacy commissioner would hand out fines to people loudly discussing their private lives on their mobiles in public places rather than trying to inject themselves into the privacy decisions best left to the rough-and-tumble of individual informed consent.

If the surveillance state has gotten too big, why not just roll it back rather than creating an entirely new innovation-limiting bureaucracy?

Nevertheless, the changes proposed in the article represent a step toward a more rational system.

Wednesday, March 2, 2011

Jennifer Aniston's house has biometrically proteced wine and jewelry

Inside Jennifer Aniston’s $42 Million Beverly Hills Home (Forbes.com)
Security technology also knows no limits in the Aniston abode. The house’s wine cellar is engulfed in a biometric security system, meaning only Aniston’s unique fingerprint id can pop the lock. The same goes for her built-in jewelry cabinet. If you have a collection of baubles fit for movie premieres and Oscar nights, then this would be a must-have amenity.

Monday, February 28, 2011

More on Australian Politics and Gambling

Wilkie ready to play his ace (The Australian)
Precommitment involves gamblers compulsorily signing up to a system which will, at a nominated limit, shut off their ability to play the pokies. It would involve the use of smart card technology, although not with fingerprint or biometric ID, that would either turn off the machine, or enable the player to keep playing without paying.

To be effective, the card would have to work at every machine in every club. The clubs hate the idea, say it will cost thousands of jobs and slash revenue, and are gearing up for a massive fight.
It's becoming clear that this is all about politics and money and has little to do with helping problem gamblers and the privacy of Australians.

The most cost-effective way to help problem gamblers while respecting the privacy of non-problem gamblers would be the institution of an opt-in system for problem gamblers only. Such a system would provide little or no opportunity for identity theft.

It is our contention that backing up such a system with biometric identity management techniques would reduce fraud within the opt-in system to its lowest possible level at the least cost. Facial recognition would seem to be the preferred modality because for reasons both technical and cultural, it works well with non-habituated users in public areas.

Earlier Posts on this subject:
Biometrics shut out of Australian problem gambler program
Most Unfair biometrics article in a long time

Further information on security application categories and biometric deployments

Friday, February 25, 2011

Mobile Fingerprint applications for law enforcement

Technology gives cops new ammunition to ID criminals (Atlanta Journal-Constitution)
There’s a new tool in town for fighting crime. And some law enforcement agencies are wondering how they made do for so long without the RapidID, a fingerprint scanner about the size of a smart phone.

“It’s instantaneous information,” said Sgt. Lamar Hester with the Atlanta Police Department.

The RapidID units are used to take fingerprints, mostly in the field.

“It’s revolutionizing the way we do business,” said Vernon Keenan, director of the Georgia Bureau of Investigation, which led the pilot project testing the “mobile biometric fingerprint identification” units.
The confluence of biometric and mobile technologies is a really big deal.

There's also a discussion of the privacy aspects.

A biometric voter role for Zimbabwe?

Bankrupt ZEC requires US$240m for polls (TheIndependant.co.zw)
According to ZEC’s five-year strategic plan, the commission needs nearly US$94 million for the referendum, US$8,6 million for the delimitation exercise, US$20 million for the voters’ roll and US$117,45 million for the elections. The strategic plan was launched in the capital on Tuesday.
The US$94 million for the referendum includes money for pre-referendum preparations, voter education, election materials and conducting the referendum.
and
He said the key to achieving a free and fair election was to ensure “a new, biometric voters’ roll, a stable and secure environment, a credible electoral body with a non-partisan secretariat, a non-partisan public media, security sector reform and a referendum on the new constitution. We cannot have an election before we achieve these key milestones”.
Zimbabwe (CIA World Factbook)
$240 million is approximately $40 per voter and 5.5% of Zimbabwe's estimated 2010 GDP.

UPDATE:
Zimbabwe Prof Arrested, Tortured for Watching Viral Vids (Wired.com)
Mugabe is known as one of the most ruthless and vicious dictators in the world, and it appears he has managed to terrorize his own people sufficiently that the prospect of any sort of popular uprising is very remote.
It is difficult to see how a biometric voter registration system can, in the current circumstances, be of any benefit to ordinary Zimbabweans. The $240 million it will cost seems more likely to benefit antidemocratic rather than democratic forces.

Thursday, February 24, 2011

Most Unfair biometrics article in a long time

In this blog's early days, it seemed that few in the press understood biometric identity management technologies and some were willing to repeat any assertion made by those opposed to their adoption without the faintest hint of skepticism or critical judgment.

Thankfully, we have witnessed an incredible growth in the number of thoughtful, sincere and honest approaches to how this new technology fits into a world that values individual privacy, protects property and innocent human life and brings increased efficiency to the creation of wealth.

We have also seen how many journalists have publicized the role biometric identity management systems can play in extending these benefits to the world's less developed countries by fighting corruption, protecting the vote and enabling programs benefiting many of the world's poorest inhabitants.

This progress in the coverage of biometric technologies is to be celebrated because it furthers reasoned discussion and understanding and because it provides a contrast to the increasingly rare efforts of those whose work serves only to polarize, confuse and misinform.

One such article deserves a thorough examination:
The background is that Australia is contemplating a system requiring all gamblers to enroll in a smart card-based identification system. The stated objective is that this will allow the government to address the problem of gambling addiction.

Fingerprint scans ruled out of pokies reform plan (The Age, Australia)
We used this article as part of the informational basis for this post but its assertions deserve further comment.
BIOMETRIC identification, such as fingerprint scans, will not be used in the mandatory pre-commitment scheme for poker machines, quashing fears that punters' privacy would be breached.
This statement is false. A database of extremely sensitive information on everyone who uses a smart card will be kept regardless of whether or not biometrics are included. Quashed? Really? A system that respected the privacy of Australians would not collect private information on everyone whether they have a gambling problem or not. Collecting the data creates the risk. Collecting the data on everyone to protect the few, creates risks for everyone to reduce risk for a few. Biometrics have nothing to do with it.
Families Minister Jenny Macklin and independent MP Andrew Wilkie yesterday ruled out using biometric data, favouring a smartcard to limit the amount gamblers could spend on pokies in a session.
How? Who will set the limit? Wouldn't allowing problem gamblers to set their own limit mean that there are no problem gamblers?
The gambling and hospitality industry had warned that a biometric identification was dangerous and could lead to identity theft.
Forcing every customer to provide enough information to issue the card will expose far more people to the risk of identity theft than managing an opt-in biometric system for problem gamblers only.

The biometric information stored in a database is essentially useless for stealing an identity. Did your credit card application have a blank for your fingerprint, photo? No? Even if it did, someone who steals a biometric template cannot recreate an image of the body part used to create it. Did it have blanks for the type of information that will be required in order to issue the smart card; information such as name, address, date of birth, etc.? Yes?

Besides, who would steal the identities of opted-in problem gamblers? Only the stupidest identity thieves of all time. But a database of all gamblers could be an extremely valuable thing to hack.

In asserting that the nameless "gambling and hospitality industry" has deemed biometric identification dangerous, when effective is the better adjective, the article's author runs the risk of insinuating that business owners are sowing fear in the public in order to continue to profit from the illnesses of others. Is this what he intends?
Mr Wilkie's support for the government hinges on the mandatory pre-commitment scheme being implemented in 2014, which will need the support of the crossbenchers. ''This is a test of leadership for Julia Gillard but I think she is up to the task,'' Mr Wilkie said. ''I'm happy to rule out fingerprinting, retinal scans, any other sort of biometric system that might be out there and I agree with [Ms Macklin], Australians are very comfortable with cards.''
Alas, the real point of the article: Politics. Are Australians so comfortable with cards that they will hand over enough private information not only to track all of their gambling habits, but to build detailed accounts of much of their private lives as well as creating a new avenue for identity theft? Should they be?
The pokies reforms include a $250 ATM withdrawal limit at pokies venues, but yesterday Ms Macklin and Mr Wilkie said that there would be exemptions for small country towns whose only ATM is at the pub.
$250 per day = $91,250 per year without leaving the premises. You can always leave, get more cash and come back.
A meeting of the Select Council on Gambling, established by the Council of Australian Governments, will meet today.
Journalist writes lazy, one-sided article where:
An emerging technology is slandered;
Politicians grandstand;
Gambling businesses avoid a political fight;
Australian citizens have their privacy reduced;
Problem gamblers get no help.

Did I miss anything?

Biometrics shut out of Australian problem gambler program

Fingerprint scans ruled out of pokies reform plan (The Age)
BIOMETRIC identification, such as fingerprint scans, will not be used in the mandatory pre-commitment scheme for poker machines, quashing fears that punters' privacy would be breached.
Julia Gillard rules out fingerprinting under plans to win over Wilike (The Australian)
THE use of fingerprints and other biometric information has been ruled out under a promised poker machine pre-commitment scheme agreed by Julia Gillard to win the support of Tasmanian independent Andrew Wilkie.
Those implementating new gambling regulations in Australia have disqualified biometrics as a reasonable identity management tool.

The mistakes and misapprehensions are manifold.

Smart cards won't work. Could this be why the gambling and hospitality industry is supposedly for them? They won't work because without a biometric check it will be a simple matter to get as many smart cards as one wishes.

The $250 loss limit implied by the ATM limit will help only the most affluent problem gamblers. What percentage of people with gambling problems can be saved by capping their losses at $250 per day? That's up to $90,000 per year. Allowing/forcing gamblers to set their own limits will only benefit non-problem gamblers because, by definition, problem gamblers are incapable of setting limits for themselves.

The discussion of the proposed system and biometrics is too narrow. A system designed to protect problem gamblers does not require the credentialing of every customer. The only biometric modality ever considered was fingerprint. Facial recognition was never considered even though the cultural discomfort and privacy concerns are much lower.

Many politicians don't care about privacy or problem gambling. They care about news articles. The most serious threat biometrics pose to privacy lies in the security of the database in which the biometric templates are held. But if the database is insecure, the biometric information is the least of a user's privacy worries.

What gives away more privacy?

A string of binary gibberish that requires a special computer program to get to something that is still not a picture of a fingerprint, face, iris, etc.

OR

The complete narrative of your gambling habits including:
Name
Address
Dates of card usage
Time of card usage
Locations of card usage
Cumulative gambling statistics
Etc.?

You'll know that the government is serious about the problem of gambling addiction when it adopts biometric identity management techniques to address it.

Wednesday, February 23, 2011

India's UID poject opens up rural areas for economic development

Rural India catches fancy of IT vendors (ZDNet Asia)
The government, through its e-government initiatives, is emerging as a major driver for IT adoption. As part of its National E-Governance Plan project, the government has collaborated with IT companies to establish the National Information Infrastructure, where State-Wide Area Networks, Common Service Centers and State Data Centers are being established to provide connectivity and technology access throughout the country.
and
The Tripura Gramin Bank (TGB), for instance, opened several mobile bank branches to provide banking services in Indian villages. It issued biometric cards to disburse wages under the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act, as well as pension under the National Old-Age Pension Scheme (NOAP). The devices are equipped with a fingerprint verification system, allowing rural residents to withdraw their payment with a thumbprint impression on a touchscreen.
If India is to assume the role it envisions for itself in world affairs, it must push the digital economy out into rural areas. Moves like those described in this article would not have been possible without India's UID project whereby India is giving everyone in the country a meaningful ID backed up with biometrics.

India's population is 70% rural and 39% illiterate. Extending an ID to everyone can help bring the 70% into the modern economy; using biometrics can help the 39% who can't read make more meaningful use of modern services that are increasingly delivered electronically.

Monday, February 21, 2011

Nigeria Voter System and Implementation Update

In this post, we drew attention to two very interesting and important aspects of the Nigerian biometric voter registration effort.

The linked article inspired hope for a transparent election process. It also begged a few questions. Could Nigeria go from open source pieces to a functioning electoral system within acceptable financial, functional and time constraints? What led Nigeria to build its own technological solution, rather than purchase one? Would the technology be seen to be free from political influence?

This article from Vanguard (Nigeria) "How not to register voters: One election, one registration" sheds light on the first question. The article does expose some of the significant difficulties encountered in rolling out the biometric system, but it is also critical of the bureaucratic framework in which Nigerian elections take place.

The video at Millions register for Nigeria vote (Al Jazeera) also provides some insight into the other two questions while raising even more but the video is interesting and inspiring in its own right.

From the looks of it, the main architect of the system is Nyimbi Odero. During his interview his title is given as ICT Consultant, Electoral Commission.

Friday, February 18, 2011

Latest on Australia and problem gambler measures

Problem gamblers may have to face up to it (Sydney Morning Herald)
PUNTERS wishing to play the pokies at the pub could have their eyes, face or finger scanned under a bold plan proposed by a social welfare group to help problem gamblers.

The Tasmanian chief executive of Relationships Australia, Mat Rowell, said a biometric identification check would provide the greatest level of security and make it harder for problem gamblers to dodge limits.
Other posts on this topic:
A discussion of effectiveness
A discussion of modality (face v. finger)

Thursday, February 17, 2011

Feds Target Illegal Hires

Feds Target Illegal Hires (WSJ MarketWatch)
"In states where E-Verify is mandatory, there are still illegal workers," said Mr. Cerda, the immigration attorney. He argues that E-Verify must be linked to a biometric identity system to be effective.
For technical background see Tom Bush's white paper linked at this post.

Ugandan Electoral History is Made

Changing the Face of the Country's Elections (AllAfrica.com)
Operating under a shroud of suspicion, the Electoral Commission opted for the tested tool for transparency - the internet. Forget the cumbersome previous elections, the EC introduced biometric registration, complete with photo and fingerprint, to catch fraudsters, posted polling details via SMS to voters, and released the complete voter register online at http://www.ec.or.ug or http://41.210.167.106/nvr/. www.nvr.or.ug.
Many technologies have dramatically increased the power of the people to demand more responsive government. Biometric ID management techniques are one.

Wednesday, February 16, 2011

L-1 completes sell-off of business units

Purchase price $303 million (UPI.com)
The purchase price for SpecTal LLC, Advanced Concepts Inc. and McClendon to BAE was $295.8 million in cash and $7.2 million of certain assumed obligations for a total value of $303 million.
This is the other side of the Safran sale.

ID scrapping to cost taxpayers £2.25m in compensation

Around £2.25 million is to be paid out in compensation to companies (PublicTechnology.net)
The figure was confirmed in a letter from Immigration minister Damian Green to former Home Secretary David Blunkett, which included a breakdown of the compensation. More than £2 million of the total £2,253,000 compensation is to go to Thales (which will also pocket a further £400,000 for its part in decommissioning the systems and obliterating the personal data) while £183,000 will go to 3M, and £68,000 to Cable & Wireless.

We previously provided a figure of £400,000.

Tuesday, February 15, 2011

Important White Paper by Tom Bush

Reducing Illegal Employment through the Use of Biometrics: Options and Recommendations (pdf hosted at Bio-Key.com)

This white paper, detailing how to tighten up compliance with employment laws, has broad applicability to any decision on the adoption of biometric identity management technologies and we recommend it highly.

This is how it's done. There's a discussion of the status quo and why it is inadequate; there's a discussion of cost; and there's a discussion of differing modalities.

Some notes on Mr. Bush:
Retired from the FBI in 2009 after over 33 years of service.

Assistant Director of the FBI's Criminal Justice Information Services Division (CJIS). Initiatives included the Integrated Automated Fingerprint Identification System (IAFIS), the largest criminal biometric database in the world.

Following his retirement, he established a consulting business, Tom Bush Consulting, LLC. He currently serves as a Strategic Advisor for BIO-key International, Inc.

Monday, February 14, 2011

UK will delete hundreds of thousands of DNA profiles

DNA profiles to be deleted from police database (BBC)
Police hit delete on DNA profiles (The Register)

No word yet on whether or not the DNA hardware is in for the wipe, shred, incinerate treatment or whether that's reserved for the ID card database.

Friday, February 11, 2011

Doctor convicted of surgery to alter immigrant fingerprints

Sentenced to a year and a day in prison (Reuters AlertNet)
"A doctor from the Dominican Republic was convicted and sentenced in Boston on Thursday of offering to surgically alter the fingerprints of illegal aliens, the U.S. Department of Justice said. The case is one of a number of attempts in recent years to subvert the federal government's new biometric border security program, known as the Integrated Automated Fingerprint Identification System. Jose Elias Zaiter-Pou, 62, pleaded guilty of conspiring to conceal illegal aliens from detection by law enforcement authorities, by surgically altering their fingerprints in exchange for payment."
The doctor will be deported after serving his sentence. Two things come to mind:

I wonder if he will alter his own fingerprints.

Maybe they should throw iris or another modality into the mix.

Nigeria: Voter roles subject to public scrutiny

Voter verification begins Feb. 14 (The Punch, Nigeria)
“In fact, with most (not all) of the data now reported by the states, we have by this morning registered 63,981,460 Nigerians for the coming elections.

“I wish to appeal to all Nigerians to also come out in their numbers for the verification that will take place from February 14 to 18.

“The list will be displayed in all polling units during the period for the public to register their claims and objections.

“This exercise did not take place in the immediate past and that partly explained the problems of the old voter register.

“This is therefore an opportunity for people to deal with irregular entries in the register.
Nigeria, Africa's most populous country, is going to great lengths to insure a transparent election process despite significant challenges.

But this part is odd.
“In fact, the commission became a biometric equipment experimental laboratory. On software, we also found many shortcomings.

“Millions of Naira was spent on licenses for software manufacturers who were able to hold the commission to ransom by encrypting data and asking for even more money to decrypt data.

“Consequently, we decided to avoid this type of software peonage by developing our own in-house registration software based on the open source principle.”
I'd be interested to hear more about this. There are some open source algorithms out there but an algorithm is not a system. Most countries prefer to buy the service rather than create one for themselves.

Countries with high corruption levels and at a high risk of electoral violence could be courting disaster if the technology is seen to be in the hands of one party.

The rise of biometrics

Why isn't IT in South Africa leveraging the proven security benefits of biometrics? (ITWeb.co.za)
Make the investment, cut the losses. Simple as that.
Here's a straightforward case for corporate adoption of biometric identity management systems.

Thursday, February 10, 2011

UK biometric ID cards go up in flames

First step to tackle 'database state'? (The Independent)
Five hundred hard-disk drives and 100 back-up tapes, containing the personal details of early ID card applicants, have already been electronicaly wiped. They will be taken to an Essex industrial estate to be shredded and the remains burned in a factory furnace in Birmingham.
The ashes will then be collected and transported in a diplomatic pouch to the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan where they will be loaded onto a Soyuz rocket and launched into the sun.

Man Hubert of ID?NO! will accompany the ashes on their three month trip to the sun just to make sure that no one gets to them before they complete their journey. He has kept his plans for the ashes once he arrives there secret.

Mr. Hubert, said: "I have no doubt that there are those in Whitehall who will not rest until these ashes are reassembled."


OK, I made up all of that italicized text after the block quote.

It is possible, even relatively straightforward and inexpensive to destroy the data completely using only software. Or, you can go straight to the burning. The number, the complexity, and the geographic dispersion of the steps outlined in the linked article constitutes security theater. And as long as we're in the theater business, nothing makes for better spectacle than rockets and solar explosions.

As for the ID system itself, most British observers thought the government was going about the project all wrong. We, of course, followed the saga with interest as the list of posts below indicates.

The most important of these is Goodbye ID cards - is it time to say hello to identity banks? because it links to a 2008 report by Sir James Crosby, then at HM Treasury, entitled Challenges and Opportunities in Identity Assurance (.pdf). The report is worth considerable attention.

Other posts on this subject:
May 14, 2010: UK to Kill Off National ID Card Program
May 21, 2010: Goodbye ID cards - is it time to say hello to identity banks?
Sept. 21, 2010: Citizen or subject: The politics of personal identity
Dec. 21, 2010: UK: ID Cards Scrapped by Coalition Government
Jan. 20, 2011: UK: Destruction of ID card data to cost £400,000

Wednesday, February 9, 2011

Failure rate for biometric pokies?

Use of biometrics to reduce problem gambling would suffer a 20 to 30 per cent failure rate, says smart card salesman (ZDNet.com.au)
"About 12 per cent of the population do not have a fingerprint. They are too old or they have been engaged in manual work and it may have worn off. There is no wall on the end of their thumb. Biometrics are going to be a much more expensive solution," he told the committee.

"This is mainly because, if you have to maintain 197,000 biometric readers ... it is going to be extraordinarily expensive. You are looking at something like five times the cost for biometrics."

Donald said there would have to be many exceptions made to the system if biometrics were used.
This article invites a question we often ask: Compared to what? We'll be charitable and take the percentages in the article as given. How many problem gamblers are being detected in the absence of a system? If the answer is less than 70%, what is the improvement from current levels of detection to a 70% detection rate worth? What does the proposed system cost? In short, does the proposed system offer a positive return on investment (ROI)?

Secondly, because of their accuracy, ease of use, low cost and strong history of delivering positive ROI, fingerprint biometrics are all the rage. But they are not the only game in town. Facial recognition may be the preferred modality in this application. One facial recognition system at the front door of the facility can eliminate the need to have a biometric reader at every machine. The same can be said for a fingerprint system, but face-rec systems are less intrusive and they address the problem, raised in the article (we're still being charitable), of the 12% of the population who can't use all fingerprint readers.

Third, why does anyone assume that vandalizing property in order to circumvent security measures is an indictment of the security measure? Someone who finds a way to break a slot machine to get the money out of it doesn't have a gambling problem, they have a stealing problem. Someone who damages property (breaks a fingerprint reader) in the misguided hope that the machine will enable an enrolled problem gambler to use the machine, has a vandalism problem. Granted, a gambling addiction could serve as one impetus for both behaviors, but preventing this type of behavior isn't what the problem gambler program is built to address. These systems are meant to allow problem gamblers to put themselves on a "do not serve" list while reducing the abuse of the program by non-problem gamblers who simply wish to indemnify themselves against gambling losses.

The amusement and biometric sensor manufacturers both take the durability and physical security of the devices they manufacture seriously but they aren't, and never will be, invincible.

India Begins Census Count

India has begun the mammoth task of conducting a count of its billion plus population (Voice of America)
More than two and a half million census workers branched out throughout the vast nation on Wednesday to document details of all Indians.

The three-week phase of the census is the most challenging as it involves a physical count of the country’s citizens. The mammoth exercise will be completed by the end of the month.

Security Industry Association says E-Verify needs Biometrics

Federal Government Report on E-Verify Shows Need for Biometrics, SIA Says (Yahoo News & PRWeb)
E-Verify is used by employers to determine if individuals are legal residents of the United States and, thus, eligible to work in this country. The program, however, suffers from significant error rates, and SIA in November released a set of recommendations for adding a biometric component to the program that could “reduce these error rates, increase privacy and enhance identity assurance.”

Tuesday, February 8, 2011

Cogent founder makes list of top tech philanthropists

Which tech billionaires donated the most to charities in 2010? (NetworkWorld.com)
Also representing the tech industry is Ming Hsieh, who donated $50 million to the University of Southern California to help fund a new institute for nanomedicine research. Hsieh (No. 19) founded AMAX Information Technologies, a high performance computing and storage vendor in Fremont, Calif., and Cogent Systems, a biometric security vendor in Pasadena.
Mr. Hsieh has also donated generously to West Virginia University.

Monday, February 7, 2011

Biometrics employed to crack down on proxy test takers

Students impressed (Hindu.com)
Sharmitha Sreshta, a doctor from Tamil Nadu, said everybody was excited to see the technology being employed. “While this means that fraudsters cannot trivialise this examination for us, it also means that the authorities are moving towards tightening the process. The existing system allows for a lot of fraud.”
Fingerprint biometrics are becoming ubiquitous in testing for graduate school admissions.

Friday, February 4, 2011

Stockholders of L-1 approve Safran SA merger

Stockholders OK sale of L-1 units to French group (Washington Monthly)
Following approval by the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States, completion of the BAE sale and other customary conditions, Safran will purchase L-1’s Secure Credentialing Solutions, Biometric, and Enterprise Access Solutions and Enrollment Services units.